High-pressure prime mover.



H. E. WARREN. A

HIGH PRESSURE PRIME MOVER.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 17, 1913. 1,1 14,077, Patented 001;. 20, 1914.

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WITNESSES:

INVENTOR.

J a. xeaq H. E. WARREN. HIGH PRESSURE PRIME MOVER. APPLICATION FILED MAR.17, 1913.

Patented 060.20, 1914.

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' INVENTOR. M Di @414 M 2% UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY E. WARREN, OF ASHLAND, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE LOHBABD GOVERNOR OOMPANY, OF ASHLAND, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

HIGH-PRESSURE PRIME MOVER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 20, 1914.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY E. WARREN, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Ashland, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented Improvements in Governors for High-Pressure Prime Movers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to governors especially adapted for use with prime-movers subjected to a high head of water. I-Ieretofore hydraulic governors for this purpose have been limited to the use of comparatively low fluid pressures, chiefly on account of the difficulty in controlling very high pressures, by valve mechanism which was sufficiently sensitive to operate quickly.

. This invention consists chiefly in means by which the outward flow of fluid in a governor system under high pressure, is controlled through intermediate pressure-reduction mechanism by a valve operated by a speed or load sensitive element, andthe in- Ward flow of'fluid to the same system is secured by a pump, receiving fluid through a controlling valve also operated by the same element.

In the drawings accompanying this specification,Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the ,chief portions of the apparatus on line l1, Fig. 2; and Fig. 2 is a plan of the apparatus showing the mannerof connecting the governor with the prime-mover and other parts of the apparatus.

Referring to the drawings by letters to designate the several parts,A is a hy draulic ram, any upward movement of the plunger a of which is opposed by the pres sure of compressed air in the ch'amber a. The plunger is packed by hydraulic packing b, and a small quantity of liquid 0, preferably oil, in the bottom of the chamber (i Motion is transmitted from the ram or plungera to the gate through a block e secured to the ram, a link f pivoted thereto and to the lever g, mounted on the rockshaft h, and from this shaft to the gates or other controlling mechanism of the primemover F. The lower end of the ram a operates in the cylinder (Z and is provided with a. packing is.

B is a pump for forcing liquid through the pipe Z into the cylinder (1 beneath the ram 0 to raise it against the pressure in the discharge valve r,

construction, having one or more plunger-s m movingup and down in cylinders n,"motion be ng lmparted to these plungers byan eccentrio 0 on a shaft 2. The eccentric drives a cross head p secured to the upper end of the plunger 'mJ. As illustrated, m is at the top of its stroke, and is moving downward and forcing liquid through the thence through the pipe Z into the cylinder (5 beneath the ram a. The

u'pwardstroke of the plunger m tends to create a vacuum beneath it, so that as soon as the lower end of the plunger m passes the lower edge of the port 9 in anupward direction, l1qu1d will readily be drawn in from the plunger the reservoir t and fill the space beneath the plunger, ready to be expelled upon its next downward stroke. Connected with the pipe Z between the pump and the ram cylinder d is an outletv valve C, which I 'call a ratiov'alve, as by it the ratio of pressure at the valve seat w and that above its attached flexible diaphragm a: in the chamber y can be definitely determined and maintained. By means of this valve C the downward movement of the ram a is controlled, for the':

valve w is held to its seat by the fluid pressure upon the flexible diaphragm m, which is due to the liquid that passes through the valve to and up into the chamber 3 above the diaphragm at. As will be observed, the ratio of the .area of'the diaphragm m to the valve 10 is large; for example, it may be in the ratio of 100 to 1, so that a comparatively low pressure upon the diaphragm m is sulficient to hold the valve 'w to its seat against the pressure in the pipe Z and prevent the escape. of liquid at high pressure from the ram cylinder 03. The chamber y is in communication with the upper end of the regulating valve D through a pipe 2; this double valve D being controlled by the centrifugal element E. In the position shown in the drawings, the port from the pipe z is closed by the valve piston '12; the pressure upon the valve 1), therefore, is the same as that in the chamber y, and if we assume as heretofore suggested that the area of a: to w is as 100 to 1, and that the pressure at w is 1000 pounds per square inch, then the pressure in the (the valve 1' and pipe d which is mounted on 0 is interposed pressure of only the supply of .0, projecting from chamber 3 will be It) pounds, therefore the valve 4) is subjected to and has to control only liquid at that low pressure.

An upward movement of the valve piston '0 opens the port of the pipe 2, and permits liquid to escape therefrom through the valve D' into the pipe 8 and thence to the open reservoir t which for convenience is located around the valves C and D. For every cubic inch of liquid which thus escapes through the pipe a, a cubic inch must pass through the valve to into the chamber 3 in order to maintain the proper ratio between the high and low pressure systems; by this means the relatively'delicate and sensitive valve D can control the downward movement of the plunger a by withdrawing from beneath it a greater or less quantity of liquid at the high pressure, the high pressure being determined by the pressure in the chamber a which tends constantly to force the ram a downward. Y

The supply of liquid to be forced into the pipe Z by the pump B is drawn from the tank t, through the pipes s and u and port A decrease in speed of the centrifugal element will cause the lower valve piston 42 to move down and uncover the lower port into the pipe a, connection not shown, and

then at each upstroke of the plunger m of the pump B, the port g being uncovered, liquid will 'be drawn from the reservoir it through the pipe 8, valve chamber of D, pipe a into the cylinder n below the plunger m, and this liquid upon the next downstroke of the plunger m will be forced out through Z and into the cylinder (Z beneath the ram a, thereby tending to raise it.

As heretofore stated, the reservoir t is open and therefore the only pressure upon the liquid therein is atmospheric, so that the valve piston v is operated against a a little over fourteen and yet, with the construction herein employed, even while subjected to this comparatively light pressure, the regulating valve D is able to control the fluid which forces the ram a upward againstthe high pressure in the chamber 0.

It is desirable to limit pounds to the square inch,

the upward stroke ing of the gate of t e prime-mover; for this purpose means are provided for cutting ofl fluid to the pump B, when the plunger a has reached a predetermined height in its cylinder d. These means consist of bellcrank levers a and 1: connected together by a link 0'. An adjustable stop 1n the path of the cross head block .2, and a pin 0*, engages a collar 0 on the stem of the valve '0. When the ram a reaches the predetermined upwardlimit of its travel, sto cl is struck and the valve '1) is forced up, t-lllS cutting off any further supply of fluid to the pump B and preventing upward movement of the ram (1. For the purpose of providing-initial stored energy in the chamber a a small air pump a is provided. A pressure gage at serves to indicate the pressure in the'chamber (1 For the purpose of equalizing the energy required to drive the pump which does work only intermittently, a fly wheel 12*, Fig. 2, is provided, which is geared to the main shaft of the pump and run at a high rate of speed. The function of this fly wheel is to store energy while the governor is quiescent and deliver this energy very rapidly when needed. Motion is transmitted from the fly wheel to the pump through gears 39 and-p".

I cla1m: 1. A governor for controlling the speed of prime-movers, consisting of a plunger connected with the gate operating mechanism, a primary system of high tension fluid pressure by which the plunger is actuated, a pump to produce such pressure upon one end of the plunger, a secondary low pressure system, an automatically operating valve connecting the two systems, which maintains the diflerence in pressure between them, and a valve in the low pressure system actuated by the primemover, which regulates the supply of fluid to be pumped, and the amount of fluid withdrawn from the secondary system.

2. A governor for controlling the speed of prime-movers under high pressure, consisting of a plunger, connected with the gate operating mechanism and actuated by established pressure in one direction, a pump to produce pressure toactuate the plunger in the other direction, a low pressure fluid system including the fluid supply for the pump, an automatically operating valve connecting the high pressure and low pressure systems, which maintains the low pressure in the latter, a valve in the low pressure system controlled by the speed of the prime-mover, which regulates the supply of fluid to be pumped, and the amount of fluid from time to time withdrawn from the secondary systerm.

3. A governor for controlling the speed of prime-movers, consisting of, a ram constantly opposed by established pressure in one direction and actuated in the other direction by fluid from a high pressure pump, a valve in the connection between this high pressure system and a low pressure system, which maintains the fluid pressure in the latter at a definite ratio to that in the former, a fluid reservoir, and a regulating valve which controls the communication between the low pressure system and the reservoir and between the reservoir and the piston chamber of the pump.

i. In a governor for motors, a ram connected with the gate mechanism, a high pressure pump to actuate the ram in a direction to move the gate, means to quickly relieve the pressure without stopping the pump, consisting of a ratio-valve connected with the conduit between the pump and ram chamber, connection between the ratio-valve and the pump-fluid reservoir, and between said reservoir and the pump cylinder, and 1 a valve controlled by the speed of the motor to open and close either of said connections.

HENRY E. WARREN. Witnesses:

FLORENCE A. COLLINS, JOSEPHINE H. RYAN. 

